In China, Bamboo has been haled as “friend of the people” and Colombians revere this plant as a “gift of the gods.”

new growth
There are approximately 2400 bamboo species worldwide, typically found in tropical and subtropical climates. There are, however, more than 200 evergreen bamboos that are temperate species and will grow well in regions that experience cold weather up to -10 and warmer.
Bamboos vary from ground cover species to giant timber species that can stand up to 75 ft. All bamboos belong to Graminea, the grass family. A bamboo shoot grows from buds that form on the parent plant’s underground stems or rhizome. The shoots will emerge from the ground at their full diameter and grow taller for the length of their particular growing season. Some tropical bamboos can grow several feet per day during their prime growth, you can actually watch them grow! This new growth will only occur once a year. The bamboo stalk will grow as tall as it will get in that first season, and already be it’s full diameter, but as the years progress it will become leafier and develop it’s hardwood characteristics within it’s stem.
A new bamboo grove takes time to establish. The underground network of rhizomes is so important to a bamboo’s propagation that it will focus most of it’s energy on that system for the first few years. New bamboo shoots will still sprout and become mature culms but they may be of a smaller diameter and/or shorter height then they will reach eventually. Bamboos store their photosynthetic energy in the rhizomes to support new growth—so the older and more mature the rhizome network and the more mature the bamboo culms, the more energy can be stored for increasingly impressive spring growth. It can take 5-10 years for a bamboo grove to reach it’s full potential of height and thickness.
Some people wonder about the invasive potential of bamboos.
Each bamboo fits into one of two rhizome categories: running or clumping.
Running bamboos grow rhizomes varying distances from the parent plant before growing new culms. These species have the potential to take over large areas and form a single specie forest. Many large, hardy, and temperate species are runners, however, there are many methods available to contain running bamboos in order to prevent them from taking over an entire area.
Barriers can be planted 2-3 ft. in the ground, or the bamboo could be planted in raised beds. Buildings with foundations can be used as one part of the containment plan. Bodies of water will prevent the rhizomes from spreading, as will already well established shady areas–such as a dense forest. New shoots are easily cut back with a lawnmower or by hand, though the runner bamboos will keep growing their rhizomes, so containment should always be a part of the consideration for their growth.
Clumping bamboos become denser year after year, slowly spreading outward from the parent plant. These species are not considered invasive. These bamboo species could also be contained, as an added precaution, but they should be much easier to keep track of.
The benefit of using bamboos for commercial purposes is that the parent grows new shoots every year, it takes about 5-7 years for each culm to mature and then the mature bamboo is cut, while the new shoots grow and the other culms mature. It’s a beautiful progression, the grove will grow bigger, and the harvest will eventually be a yearly practice, a consistent source of new material.

leaf litter
Bamboos are happiest in highly organic, well-drained soils of a somewhat neutral ph. The best fertilizers are composted manure, organic mulch and leaf hummus. A more mature grove will create it’s own leaf mulch, which is almost impervious to weeds.
source:
Palms Won’t Grow Here and Other Myths: Warm Climate Plants for Cooler Areas by David A. Francko (213-222)
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